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Spišská Nová Ves
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spi%C5%A1sk%C3%A1_Nov%C3%A1_Ves |
Spišská Nová Ves (deutsch (Zipser) Neu(en)dorf,
ungarisch Igló) ist eine der größten Städte in der Ostslowakei,
südöstlich der Hohen
Tatra und liegt in der traditionellen Region Zips
(Spiš). Die Stadt ist die Hauptstadt des gleichnamigen Bezirks.
Bekannt als Sehenswürdigkeiten in der Umgebung sind die Zipser
Burg und der Nationalpark
Slowakisches Paradies.
Geschichte
Die Stadt ist ein alter Siedlungsplatz (Jungsteinzeit,
Großmähren).
Spätestens im 12. Jahrhundert stand an der Stelle der heutigen
Stadt die slowakische Siedlung Iglov. Im 13. Jahrhundert
gründeten in ihrer unmittelbaren Nachbarschaft deutsche Siedler
die Ortschaft Neudorf. In der 2. Hälfte des 13.
Jahrhundert sind beide Siedlungen verschmolzen. Die deutsche Bevölkerungsmehrheit
wurde im 19. Jahrhundert von einer slowakischen abgelöst.
Im 14. Jahrhundert entwickelte sich aus der Siedlung eine
wichtige Stadt mit Marktrecht. Seit 1380 ist sie offiziell
Bergbaustadt. Die Stadt hatte den größten Straßenmarkt der
Slowakei. Sie war Mitglied der Bruderschaft der 24 königlichen
Pfarrer, des Bundes der 24 Zipser Städte, war unter den 13 in
den Jahren 1412-1772 an Polen verpfändeten Städten und seit
1778 Hauptstadt der Provinz der 16 Zipser Städte (Details siehe
unter Zips).
Name
Die ursprüngliche slowakische Siedlung hieß Iglow (übersetzt
etwa „Nadelhausen“, von der schmalen Form der Siedlung
abgeleitet). Die benachbarte deutsche Siedlung hieß Nova
Villa (1268, deutsch „Neudorf“ - erster Quellenbeleg)
oder (ungarisch) Igloszasza (1279, deutsch „Sächsisches
Iglow“).
Nach der Verschmelzung beider Siedlungen (1380 wurde Iglow
alio nomine Nova Villa erwähnt), wurde die Siedlung in
einigen lateinischen Dokumenten noch im 15. Jahrhundert sowohl
Neudorf als auch Iglow (später nur Iglovia) genannt, in
ungarischen Dokumenten setzte sich die vom Iglov abgeleitete
Form Igló durch, in deutschen die Form Newendorf
(später Neudorf, noch später auch Zipser
Neudorf). In slowakischen Texten wurde spätestens seit dem
18. Jahrhundert eine Übersetzung des deutschen Namens verwendet
(1786 Nowa Wes, deutsch „Neudorf“; seit 1920 Spišská
Nová Ves, deutsch „Zipser Neudorf“).
Liste
der Städte in der Slowakei |
|
Spišská Nová
Ves
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spi%C5%A1sk%C3%A1_Nov%C3%A1_Ves |
Spišská Nová Ves (
pronunciation
(help·info);
German: (Zipser) Neu(en)dorf;
Hungarian: Igló;
Polish: Nowa Wieś Spiska;
is a town in the Košice
Region of Slovakia.
The town is located southeast of the High
Tatras in the Spiš
region, and lies on both banks of the Hornád
River. It is the biggest town of the Spišská
Nová Ves District (okres).
As of 2006 the population was 38,357.
History
Settlement in the town's region dates to the Neolithic
age. There is evidence of a prosperous society that was familiar
with copper mining and processing. When the Celts
arrived they brought with them advanced iron technology. Celtic
coins have been found in the region. During the 6th century, the
period known as the Great
Migration, Slavic
tribes appeared in the Spiš
region. During the 10th century the structure of their
settlements stabilized and important communication roads were
established. The settlement was included within the state of Great
Moravia. By the 12th century at the latest a Slovak
settlement had been established known as Iglov, situated
between Mlynská street (Mill Street) and the Reduta, in the
centre of the present town. The settlement suffered greatly from
the invading Tartars
in the 13th century. Saxon
(Carpathian
German) colonists were settled here in the 13th century and
their settlement became known as "Villa Nova” ("New
Town" in Latin) or "Neudorf" ("New
Town" in German), covering the area of the present town.
Iglov and Neudorf were amalgamated into one town in the second
half of the 13th century.
The town received market rights in the 14th century and grew
to become an important market town. It became an official mining
town in 1380 and had the largest street market in the Kingdom
of Hungary. Copper mining was an important activity. The
metal was processed in furnaces, which were fuelled with wood
from the surrounding forests. A Gothic bell foundry was
established by Konrád
Gaal who made a large hanging bell for Louis
I of Hungary, and was consequently knighted in 1357. The
bells made by Konrád Gaal are still hanging and form an
important conlegacy of European Gothic
metal foundry.
In 1412 Spišská Nová Ves, along with several other Spiš
towns, was pawned as loan security by the Hungarian
king Sigmund
to the Polish king Vladislaus
II Jagiełło. This pledge lasted for 360 years.
Blacksmiths
were the first local craftsmen to unite into a guild,
which was given royal privileges in 1436. They smelted their own
ore,
or built water-driven forges
along the rivers Hornád
and Dubnica.
Coppersmiths made kettles of a specifically defined weight
because kettles were widely used as a means of payment. There
were charcoal
burners and even resin
pickers who collected resin from trees to produce tar for
greasing wagons. There were wheelwrights,
coopers,
weavers,
joiners,
gunsmiths,
basketmakers, bakers, furriers,
tanners,
cooks and millers,
hunters, fishermen and beekeepers.
There were many Germans living in Spiš and through their
influence the town became Lutheran in the 1540s. Between 1569
and 1674 Catholic
services were forbidden in the pawned towns. There were many
contacts with Poland and this helped to stimulate the national
consciousness of the Slovak people. The pawned towns were
returned to the Kingdom of Hungary in 1772. In 1778 Spišská
Nová Ves became the capital of the "Province of 16 Szepes
towns".
In the 19th century the manufacture of stoneware
was important in the town. The products all bore a trademark
formed from the word “Iglo” with two crossed miners’
hammers. Other industrial activities included oil production and
a weaving plant as well as agricultural machines. The railway
provided an important means of communication from 1870. A power
station was built in 1894 and living conditions improved. In
July 1929 the Podtatranská výstava (Sub-Tatras Exhibition)
showed results of economic growth and made the town famous in
Slovakia.
Demographics
According to the 2001 census, the town had 39,193
inhabitants. 94.21% of inhabitants were Slovaks,
1.93% Roma
and 0.51% Czechs.[1]
The religious makeup was 69.81% Roman
Catholics, 16.95% people with no religious affiliation,
3.17% Lutherans
and 3.05% Greek
Catholics.[1]
Transport
Spišská
Nová Ves railway station is a junction
between the Košice–Žilina
railway, which is part of Slovakia's main east-west rail
corridor, and a 12 km (7.5 mi) spur
line to Levoča. Regular passenger services on the spur
line have been suspended since 2003. |
| Spišská Nová
Ves railway station
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spi%C5%A1sk%C3%A1_Nov%C3%A1_Ves_railway_station |
Spišská Nová Ves railway station (Slovak:
Železničná stanica Spišská
Nová Ves) serves the town and municipality
of Spišská
Nová Ves, in the Košice
Region, eastern Slovakia.
Opened in 1871, the station is a junction
between the Košice–Žilina
railway, which is part of Slovakia's main east-west rail
corridor, and a 12 km (7.5 mi) spur
line to Levoča.
Location
Spišská Nová Ves railway station is situated at J.
Fabiniho, northwest of the town centre.
History
The station was opened on 12 December 1871, upon the
inauguration of the Poprad–Spišská
Nová Ves section of the Košice–Bohumín
Railway.
Soon afterwards, on 12 March 1872, the next section of that
railway was completed, between Spišská Nová Ves and Kysak.
The spur line to Levoča was opened on 8 November 1892.[1]
Regular passenger services on the spur line were suspended in
February 2003, despite protests from residents and local
officials, especially in Levoča. Only a handful of Marian
pilgrim trains have operated as passenger trains on the line
since then, but freight traffic has continued.[1]
| Spišská Nová Ves railway station (Slovakia) |
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